China's Green Tech Leadership Hindered by Coal Reliance
China, the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, is also a global leader in green technologies that could significantly reduce fossil fuel use and emissions. Despite this, it faces challenges in setting ambitious emissions targets and reducing its reliance on coal.
In 2022, China emitted 15.7 gigatons of greenhouse gases, surpassing the combined emissions of the US and EU. Its per capita emissions, while still lower than many developed nations, are expected to fall below 2 tons by 2040.
China's leadership in green technologies is evident in its dominance of solar and wind power installations. In 2024, it installed around 400 gigawatts of these renewable sources, more than half the global total. This rapid growth has been driven by plunging costs - solar PV costs per watt have fallen 90% in 15 years, and battery costs per kilowatt-hour have also plummeted.
However, China's plans to add 280 gigawatts of coal-power capacity by 2029 highlight the challenges in transitioning away from fossil fuels. This expansion could contribute to its annual power sector emissions of 5.9 gigatons.
Experts urge China to set more ambitious emissions-reduction targets. Europe is also advised to strengthen its own targets and policies to meet long-term climate commitments. Chinese-European cooperation is seen as crucial for keeping global warming 'well below 2°C' at the upcoming COP30 conference.
China's leadership in green technologies offers hope for global emissions reductions. However, its continued investment in coal power underscores the need for more ambitious targets and international cooperation to meet long-term climate goals.
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