Identity dilemma: Identification, root causes, and methods for managing
In the realm of human development, identity crises have become a common term used to describe a period of uncertainty and exploration. This article will delve into the concept of identity crises, as outlined by Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and its contemporary interpretation.
According to Erikson, an identity crisis primarily occurs during adolescence, a stage he refers to as "Identity vs. Role Confusion." At this juncture, individuals grapple with forming a coherent and stable sense of self by integrating their personal beliefs, values, and goals with societal expectations. This stage is marked by experimentation with different roles and identities, as the adolescent navigates conflicting demands of self-exploration and social roles.
Common symptoms of an identity crisis in Erikson's framework include confusion about career, values, and social identity, feelings of uncertainty, or role confusion. Coping strategies involve active exploration and commitment to roles, supported by resolving earlier psychosocial conflicts and social support.
However, the term "identity crisis" has evolved over time and is now used more broadly to refer to any time a person's identity shifts or they question their identity. In contemporary psychology, identity crises can be triggered by societal, familial, or personal pressures to define oneself independently. James Marcia's Identity Statuses model describes states such as confusion/diffusion (lack of exploration and commitment), foreclosure (commitment without exploration), moratorium (active exploration without commitment), and achievement (explored and committed).
Regardless of the framework, both Erikson's understanding and the popular conception of an identity crisis share several features. These include exploring new identities, trying different ways of thinking, being uncertain of one's identity and values, thinking about one's role in the world and in relationships.
It's essential to note that an identity crisis is not a mental health diagnosis and does not require medication. However, if a person experiences intense dissatisfaction with or confusion about their identity, develops intense anxiety or depression, or has thoughts of self-harm, seeking support from a doctor or mental health professional is advisable. In some cases, an identity crisis may coincide with or intensify pre-existing mental health conditions, and medication, especially along with therapy, may help.
An identity crisis can occur after a major life change or following a trauma, such as graduating high school or college, getting married, starting a job, losing a spouse or parent, becoming a parent, retirement, changes in one's job duties or career path. During this period, therapy can provide a safe space for clarifying values, discussing history, reclaiming or developing a new identity, and receiving support for the anxiety and stress that sometimes accompany an identity crisis.
In conclusion, understanding identity crises is crucial for navigating this period of self-discovery and growth. Whether it's during adolescence or at other stages of life, seeking support from trusted loved ones or a therapist can help individuals navigate this challenging but transformative journey. If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support from the 988 Lifeline, Crisis Text Line, Befrienders Worldwide, or local emergency services.
- An identity crisis, according to contemporary psychology, can also occur in midlife, a stage where individuals question their identity and values, triggered by societal, familial, or personal pressures to define themselves independently.
- Support from mental health professionals can be beneficial during an identity crisis, particularly when a person experiences intense dissatisfaction with or confusion about their identity, develops intense anxiety or depression, or has thoughts of self-harm.
- The health-and-wellness sector, alongside personal-growth and education-and-self-development resources, can offer valuable guidance for individuals navigating an identity crisis, facilitating their exploration of new identities and helping them cope with uncertainty.
- In addition to therapy, science-backed mental health resources may provide crucial support during an identity crisis, as some individuals may find solace in online forums, books, and other resources focused on mental health and personal growth.
